"NOTE: For those of you attempting this recipe with out a mixer, my hats are off to you! You are home cooking wizard of the century. I also have a few tips. 1- You won't need quite as much flour. 2-You will want to let the dough rise in the bowl 2 times. Punch it down after the first rising period, then let it rise again. Punch it down a second time and you are ready to move ahead withshaping and baking.Thanks to my lovely sisters Erin and Cynthia for these tips...they have been braving this recipe with no mixer. They are deemed home cooking wizards of the century!..."